Traffic lights

Traffic lights is an essential signaling device used to control the flow of vehicles and pedestrians at intersections, crosswalks, and other road environments. It employs a color-coded system (red, yellow/amber, and green) to direct traffic and ensure safety.

Components of a Traffic Light:

1. Signal Lights:
   • Red: Instructs vehicles to stop.
   • Yellow (Amber): Warns drivers that the light is about to change to red or green, signaling them to slow down or prepare to move.
   • Green: Allows vehicles and pedestrians to proceed.
2. Controller Unit:
   • Manages the sequence and timing of the lights.
   • Can be pre-timed, actuated (based on sensors), or adaptive (dynamic based on traffic flow).
3. Sensors:
   • Inductive Loop Detectors: Embedded in the road to detect the presence of vehicles.
   • Cameras or Radar: Used for vehicle and pedestrian detection in modern systems.
   • Pedestrian Push Buttons: Allow pedestrians to request crossing signals.
4. Signal Poles and Fixtures:
   • Support and house the lights and associated equipment.
   • Designed to withstand weather conditions and ensure visibility.
5. Power Supply:
   • Typically powered by the electrical grid, with backup batteries or solar panels for uninterrupted operation.

Types of Traffic Lights:

1. Standard Traffic Lights:
   • Control vehicle and pedestrian movement at intersections.
2. Pedestrian Traffic Lights:
   • Specifically designed for crosswalks, featuring symbols like walking figures or countdown timers.
3. Flashing Lights:
   • Indicate caution or specific rules, e.g., flashing yellow for a yield sign.
4. Advanced Systems:
   • Include countdown timers, adaptive control, and connectivity with smart city infrastructure.